History of global wigs

　　

Asia-China

Chinese people have been wearing wigs very early, originally for the upper-class women's accessories, added to the original hair , making it more dense, and can make more complicated hair.

In the spring and autumn, wigs began to prevail. "The Book of Songs, Hurricane, and Gentlemen" refers to a wig called "deputy" and also refers to "disdain." "é«¢" is a false wig made of a partial wig or hair.

In the Han Dynasty, hair and hair accessories were developed according to Zhou Li. In "Zhou Li", the wig is subdivided into a variety of, "deputy" is taken as "overlay", which is a decorative wig; "edited" belongs to an unadorned wig; "secondary" is a kind of wig with I am really co-edited. The aristocratic women of the upper class, such as the Queen of the Western Zhou Dynasty and Mrs. Jun, must wear jewellery such as deputy, editor, and secondary when participating in major activities such as sacrifices. The Queen’s false defamation has a special court official “chasing teacher” to take charge of.

Zhou Wei's "The Lady of the Flower" is a high-profile Tang Dynasty women.

In the Tang Dynasty, wigs became more and more popular. "New Tang Book and Five Elements" mentioned that Yang Guifei usually likes to wear fake pimple, which was called "yiyi" at that time. The Five Dynasties and Ten States continued the custom of the Tang Dynasty's sorghum. They often used wigs to join their hair and combed them into hairpins, or directly braided the wigs into fake hairs and then put them on.

The Song Dynasty was still popular with sorghum, and it was more than the Tang Dynasty. In some bustling metropolises, there are shops that specialize in producing and selling fakes.

During the Yuan Dynasty, Han women began to use a kind of fake scorpion called 鬏髻, which was made up of hair or silk thread cut by others, and put on the head when used. It has been used by people in the Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties. In addition to sputum, the fake scorpion style commonly used by women in the Ming Dynasty is also made up of a bulge, which is made of a round frame made of wigs covered with a wire.

There were many enamel styles that began to appear in the Qing Dynasty. At that time, there were workshops and shops specializing in the production and sale of gongs in Beijing. In early Qing Dynasty, there were butterflies, moons, flower baskets, folding items, Luohan, lazy combs, Shuangfeiyan, inverted pillows, and eight-faced Guanyin.

After the founding of the Republic of China, hair styles became easier, with fewer wigs and false wigs. However, when Zhang Xun was restored in 1917, the people who cut the scorpion in Beijing were looking for false shackles. After that, it was rare to see the Han people use wigs in their daily lives until the establishment of the People's Republic of China. The ethnic minorities have some habits of wearing wigs. At that time, the Yongning Naxi women used the hairs on the tail of the yak to make a large fake scorpion, which was placed on the top of the head, and then wrapped around a large circle of blue and black. Color silk thread, hanging down to the waist.

　　

Asia-Japan

Japanese traditional hair styles are often accompanied by wig combs, and Japanese wigs are 鬘 ("鬘" in ancient Chinese, the original meaning is beautiful hair style, there is no wig, and Japanese writes the pseudonym "かつら" into the Chinese character "鬘").

"The Old Story" and "Japanese Book Ji" have mentioned that the 盏呜 盏呜 求 求 求 天 天 天 天 天 天 天 天 天 天 天 天 天 天 天 天 天 天 天 天 天 天 天 天 天 天 天 天 天 天 天 天 天 天 天 天 天 天The content of the book contains many mythological and legendary elements, which may not be consistent with historical facts. However, according to the age of the two books, the Japanese primaries generally use wigs no later than the Nara era.

The Japanese women’s hair in the Heian period will also be filled with wigs. Later, it evolved into the use of both crusting and cocoon. When the crusting is used, the root part of the crucible is called "root (髢)" and it is good for the crucible. "鬓蓑(びんみの) "Wait, the large female hair of the court will also add a wig as a part of the sag, called "long 髢 (ながかもじ)", and the front amp will also use the "pill 髢 (まるかもじ)".

After the Showa era, the number of people who often combed traditional Japanese hairstyles was reduced, and the use of wigs was reduced. Usually, they were only used when combing traditional hairstyles, such as the witches of the shrine.

　　

Asia-North Korea 　 　

On the Korean peninsula, the Korean dynasty began to wear fake shackles, leaving hairpins (editing). Later, the Korean dynasty Li Chenggui established the Korean dynasty and developed into a "coronation" style.

In the early to mid-term of North Korea, married women, twins, and senior female officials (Shanggong) will be crowned. The crowning of court women and women's dresses and women's uniforms is also crepe paper, which can be distinguished from the style of crowning. Coronation is also a symbol of identity and wealth. The coronation of rich people, aristocratic women and twins can be great. Later, in the palace, a kind of wooden false squat called "lifting the head" was developed, which was added to the coronation on a major date. on.

Later, the coronation of women became bigger and bigger, forming a luxury atmosphere. Later, more women were overthrown by the crowning of the neck, and the Korean ancestor ordered the wigs used to reduce the coronation in the palace, and negotiated with the ministers to win the corolla. Instead of twisting. Later, he adopted the Confucian Song De's refusal to ask for help, and ordered the prohibition of women's women to be crowned and changed to wear a small corolla called the cluster head.

In the thirty-three years of the ancestors, the women and women of the sect were formally banned from coronation, and only the civilians and the women of the Dalits were allowed to crown. Later, married women changed the scorpion into a bun and inserted the bun without wearing a coronation. Twins are still popular to wear coronation. In the later period, the official wife, the royal woman wore a round shirt (a small dress) or was wearing a formal occasion.

　　

Africa - Ancient Egypt 　　

The ancient Egyptians began to use wigs more than 4,000 years ago. They are also the first people in the world to use wigs. It is common for men and women to wear wigs made of wool mixed with human hair. The length and style of wigs vary according to social status and the times.

The wigs of ancient Egypt mainly have two styles of curls and scorpions. Because of the mythology of ancient Greece, the gods have gold flesh and lapis lazuli hair, so the wigs of nobles are often dyed blue.

The length of the wig in the ancient kingdom ranged from the ear to the length of the shoulder. At that time, there was no habit of shaving the hair. Just leave a short hair and a wig, or add the wig to the real hair in a way. The royal or aristocratic woman will bundle the long wig into three scorpions.

After the kingdom, the female wig fell vertically on the shoulder from the top of the head along the face, and occasionally a small strand of hair rolled into a spiral. Men are always maintained at the length of the shoulders or shorter, shaped by small hair, in a small triangle or square, cut horizontally in front of the forehead, or curved into a curved shape, wearing a small part of the forehead when worn, completely covering both ears and the back of the neck. The untouchables are covered with plain scalp. The New Kingdom Egyptians prefer to sew the tail of the wig with several long tassels, of which the Amarna era is more popular with short wigs.

Ancient Egyptian women will wear a fragrant conical ornament on the gorgeous wig when they attend the festival. The perfume in the ornament will melt over time and infiltrate into the wig to give off a burst of fragrance. Some wigs also add mats made of date palm fiber to make the wig more plentiful. In addition to using wigs during their lifetime, the ancient Egyptians will also be buried with wigs. They think that they need to wear wigs when they go to another world. Archaeologists also find wigs for funeral burials in many ancient tombs.

The material of the wig is real hair, wool or plant fiber such as straw, date palm fiber and the like cut from the human head. Among them, the most advanced and most expensive ones are made with real hair. The medium price is mixed with the real fiber. All cheap are made from plant fibers. Some wigs and hair wigs are made by weaving methods and flower knots. Some are fixed on the scalp with honey wax, resin or beeswax, and they are tied with a belt like a hat.

Because the ancient Egyptians attach importance to wigs, they will distribute the fakes that are not worn in a special box and put them in a storage rack or box. They often sprinkle petals, cinnamon wood chips, balsam, etc. on the wigs, so that the wigs are scented. aroma. In addition, the wig manufacturing industry was also a respected industry at the time, and it was also one of the types of work that women could do.

　　

Europe 　

The wig was passed from ancient Egypt to Europe. Ancient Greece and the ancient Romans believed that bald people were punished by heaven and regarded bald people as sinners. Hair thinning or bald officers will be refused to arrange work for them by the chiefs of some Greek territories. The Romans even intended to let the parliament pass the "bald decree" to ban bald men from running for parliament, and bald slaves can only sell at half price. In order to avoid discrimination, balds wear wigs to cover this embarrassment.

During the Roman Empire, many Europeans used wigs, and even the emperor wore wigs. During the war, the hair of the enemy and the civilians often served as trophies to the court.

In the sixteenth century, the European plague was popular and people were afraid of taking a bath. The harsh hygienic environment makes it easy for people to grow their heads, and some people shave their hair and wear a wig. The revival of the wig was mainly due to the love of the royal family members, and Queen Elizabeth I of England was known for wearing a red wig. The pioneer of the Roman wig in the seventeenth century was the French King Louis XIII. He wore a wig to cover the scar on his head. In order to please him, the nearest minister wore a wig. Louis XIV, the son who inherited his throne, also wears wigs because of thinning hair, so the subjects have followed suit. At that time, there were 45 kinds of wigs, and even those with thick hairs liked to catch up with this fashion. Later, the wig became a symbol of the era of the great monarchy.

After a period of exile in France, King Charles II passed the men's wig to the English-speaking country when he returned to China in 1660. This length and shoulders or slightly longer than the shoulder wigs became the fashion of European men since the 1620s and soon became popular in British courts.

During this period, wigs became almost the necessary clothing for men, and almost represented social status, and the wigs were respected. In 1665, the first wigsmiths union was established in France, and other European countries also established similar unions. The wigs of the seventeenth century were exceptionally fine, so making wigs was also a technique. The wig at that time covered the shoulders, back, and chin, so it was very heavy and uncomfortable to wear. Such wigs are expensive to manufacture, especially for the most expensive ones, and those made with horsehair or goat wool are cheaper.

The 18th century wigs often add powder to make them white or white. The wig powder is made of starch with the scent of neroli, lavender or iris. They are sometimes colored in purple, blue, pink, yellow, etc., but the most common is white. Powdered wigs until the end of the eighteenth century were necessary for some major occasions that needed to be worn. The powdered wig is easy to fall off and difficult to care for, so there are some fake courtroom costumes made of white or white horse hair. Since the 1780s, young men have been popular with powder on their own hair. After the 1790s, wigs and hair powder were used by older, more conservative men, and women were used when they appeared in court. The British government levied taxes on granules every year since 1795. This tax made the fashion of wigs and hair powder fade in the 1800s.

In the mid to late eighteenth century, women in Versailles, France, wore large, delicate, eye-catching wigs (like a "boat-shaped wig"). These wigs are very heavy and contain hair wax, hair powder, and other decorations. This gorgeous wig became a symbol of the decadence of the French aristocracy at the end of the eighteenth century, which prompted the French Revolution.

The 19th century wigs became smaller and more solemn, France no longer represented wigs in social status, and the United Kingdom remained for some time. Some professions also use wigs as part of the clothing they wear and become a tradition of certain legal systems and a practice in many Commonwealth countries. Until 1823, the bishops of the Anglican Church and the Irish Anglican Church wore wigs during religious ceremonies. The wig worn by the barrister is a popular style at the end of the eighteenth century. The wig worn by the judge in conjunction with the court costume during the weekday trial is similar to the short wig worn by the barrister, but they will wear a full cover when they attend the major ceremony with the Queen’s Counsel. Wig.

The development of women's wigs is different from that of men's wigs. It was only popularized in the 18th century. In the early days, it was mainly based on the wigs of the wigs, and it was not popular until the 19th and early 20th centuries. Wigs, mostly worn by old women.

From the 18th century to the beginning of the 20th century, many poor people in Europe sold their hair to make wigs. According to the Encyclopedia Britannica of 1911, rural girls in the poor and backward Balkans often cut their hair and sold their hair, and rural girls in southern France cultivated and sold hair. Female writer Catherine Hale once cut her hair and sold money for tuition. At that time, some people who made wigs in Europe were from the United States. During the American Civil War, a woman named Delia wrote to the media, urging all female supporters of the Southern Confederation who were over 12 years old to sell long hair to Europe. Pay off the debt of the southern federation. In the novel "Little Women" by American writer Luisa Alcott, there is also a story about Jo March, who sells his long hair.