MBA Management: The Art of Talent Management in the Three Kingdoms

[MBA China News ] Rolling the Yangtze River to the east, the waves are exhausted. A "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" reflects not only a heroic era of cross-border seas and wars, but also a human resource management theory that enriches management ideas and management art. Although many of the allusions have become history, their experience feedback on human resource management still has important reference significance for our company today.

On the surface, during the Three Kingdoms period, the group was divided and killed, and you sang and sang, but it was a fierce talent war. The reason why Wei Weiwu can form a three-legged trend in the battle for hegemony is because they attach importance to talents and make good use of talents; and they have successively perished, and eventually they have been relegated to Jin, and their mistakes and deficiencies in employing people are also Inseparable. The following is a brief analysis of the characteristics of Cao Cao, Sun Quan, and Liu Bei's talent management from two aspects: good practice and inadequacies.

First, Cao Cao's talent management

When Cao Cao started his army, the number of employees was less than 4,000. Later, through the "Let the Emperor to make the princes" to achieve the backdoor listing, the company continued to merge and reorganize, and gradually became bigger and stronger. He is the most talented boss in the Three Kingdoms period, so he has the lowest level of dependence on talents, but this does not affect his emphasis on talent.

He has released recruitment advertisements three times (three orders for seeking talents), and has recruited talents from all over the world. In just a few years, he has created a huge lineup of "strategists like clouds, wars like forests". The quantity is still the highest in terms of quality. But he often expresses his desire for talents with the fact that “the mountains are not too high and the water is not tired”. The main features of Cao Cao's talent management are:

First, the selection is flexible, innovative and eclectic. Cao Cao's selection of talents not only breaks the shackles of traditional requirements such as the door and fame, but also the only way to select talents. There are various ways to recruit talents, from the inside, from the society, and from competitors. Dig" came over.

The second is to seek good intentions and unscrupulous means. In order to take Xu Wei to his own hands, Cao Cao designed to bring his mother to Xuchang, in an attempt to let Xu mother write a letter to Xu Wei, not counting it, and copying his handwriting, forging a letter, and finally deceiving Xu Wei to Xu Chang. In order to get Guan Yu, Cao Cao is satisfied with all his needs, a small feast on the 3rd, a big feast on the 5th, giving a beautiful woman, a brocade, a red rabbit, and a Han Shouting waiting for a long time. When Changshangpo Zhaoyun was besieged by Cao Bing, Cao Cao could easily take Zhao Yun’s life, but because he loved his talents, he was not allowed to put his arrows, but he could only catch them.

The third is that love is cautious and demanding. In dealing with Pang Tong, Cao Cao is much better than Liu Bei and Sun Quan. Pang Tong was an ugly person, and Sun Quan saw it without paying attention. Liu Beigang just started to give him a small county magistrate because of his bad image. When Cao Cao saw Pang Tong, he was honored as a guest.

The fourth is that the art of literacy is superb and extraordinary. Before the Shushui Pass, Guan Yu requested to play Hua Xiong. Cao Cao saw that his instrument was not bad, so he strongly recommended Guan Yu to play, and sure enough, "Warm wine is Hua Xiong." When Cao Cao moved to Xuchang, he was intercepted by Xu Huang on the way. Cao Cao saw Xu Huang "weiwei, secretly called strange", and then let Xu Wei go to the horse to confront it, the two fight more than 50, regardless of the outcome, thus determining that Xu Huang is a talent, and sent people to compete for himself Under the hand.

The fifth is to use generosity and generosity. Before joining the Cao Group, Xu Wei was a thief who robbed Cao Cao's army horse. After Zhang Cao’s first surrender to Cao Cao, he rebelled and killed his eldest son Cao Ang and Ai Dian Wei, but when he surrendered again, Cao Cao not only ignored the former suspicion, but also gave him the official title. After the battle of Guandu, Cao Cao found many letters in the former camp of Cao Yingli and Yuan Shao. At that time, many people suggested that these people be beheaded, and Cao Cao burned these letters.

The sixth is to gather the wisdom of all people and not to make a statement. In the eleventh year of Jian'an, Cao Cao issued a "Declaration Order" to encourage everyone to make suggestions. For the ideas put forward by the subordinates, as long as they feel feasible, they will give them full confidence to let them go. And every time you win over Kejie, the employees who actively contribute to the advice will be rewarded. When this idea has no results, he will not blame them but take responsibility for himself.

The seventh is that the talents are brilliant and knowing others. Cao Cao is a person who knows his subordinates very well. He can hear who is through footsteps. During the expedition to Hanzhong, there were three generals Zhang Liao, Li Dian, Le Jin, and Cao Caoqiao who used the differences in their three personalities and even intentionally used their discord, which led to their solidarity. So the three people worked together to fight Wu Jun's chaos. The first battle made "the Jiangnan people afraid, smelling Zhang Liao's name, and the children did not dare to night."

Eight is reward and punishment fair and impartial and impartial. At the banquet to celebrate the completion of Tongquetai, Cao Cao used the Xichuan Hongjin shirt as a prize to let the military archery compete for it. In the end, Xu Wei and Xu Huang won the competition. The two men competed for the spoils and shredded the robes. Cao Cao then ordered each of them to give each one a tribute, and everyone would be happy.

Although Cao Cao has the ability to know people and employ people, but he is suspicious, cruel and staunch, and very jealous of other people's talents, such as his suspicion, Yang Xiu and others, people have a "clothing with the king like a tiger" fear atmosphere. This is in stark contrast to the corporate culture of Liu Bei Group's harmonious and win-win situation.

Second, Sun Quan's talent management

Sun Quanxiong is stationed in Jiangdong, inheriting his father and brother, and has the best basic conditions. It is a veritable "rich second generation." However, it is difficult to start a business, and it is even harder to keep a business. Sun Quan is not a loser. He is also unique and superior in terms of employing people. It is because of his ability to know people that he is good enough to make his talents, and if he is a star, even Cao Cao feels that "the child is like Sun Zhongmou." The main features of Sun Quan's talent management are:

First, the courage to break the rules, not to engage in seniority, and to select new people. For example, he "Naru is in the ordinary, pull Lu Meng in the line", when Lu Xun "has no far name", and let them let them play their talents in actual combat: Zhou Yu 30,000 strokes broke Cao Jun more than 100,000 The army, Lu Su has always been the main heart of Jiangdong's strategy. Lu Mengqi attacked Jingzhou and retrieved the South County that Sun Quan had always dreamed of. Lu Xun fired the company and destroyed Cao Wei's multiple attacks.

The second is to use its length to avoid its shortness. If he thinks that Lu Su has "two long and one short", and "a short is not enough to damage his two long", he will also promote and reuse him; Lu Mengyong is brave but lacks knowledge. Sun Quan led him to study diligently, which made Lu Meng grow fast. The story of "three days, that is, more conspicuous" is passed down through the ages.

The third is not to recognize the closeness, not to accept private enmity , to understand the shortcomings of people, to accommodate others, and to turn enemies into friends, so that the internal unity. What is most praised is that he does not care about the suspicion, so that Gan Ning and Ling Tong become friends from the hatred of the father.

The fourth is the care for talents. When the subordinates were sick, Sun Quan often personally sent doctors to deliver medicines and even personally took care of them. As a result, the soldiers were grateful, and they all reported to death.

The fifth is to attach importance to personnel training. He listened to Lu Su's suggestion, established a university society, and recruited talents for the whole society, so that Wu Guo's successor talents continued, and there were new talents such as "Lu Yu after Zhou Yu, Lu Meng after Lu Su, and Lu Xun after Lu Meng". The old take over the situation.

Sun Quan indiscriminately killed innocent people in his later years and persecuted the talents, leading to the succession of Jiang Biao. Moreover, Sun Quan is not soft on Gao Qian’s children, such as Zhou Yu’s son Zhou Wei, Gan Ning’s son Gan Gui, Pan Yi’s son Pan Ping, Jiang Qin’s son Jiang Xiu, Ling Tong’s son Ling Lie, Gu Shao’s second son Gu Tan and Gu Cheng, etc. They are all released or removed from work because of crime.

Third, Liu Bei's talent management

Compared with Cao Cao and Sun Quan, Liu Bei’s entrepreneurial conditions are the worst. He is completely self-made. He has neither financial capital nor fixed assets. The first half of his life has been circulated outside and sent to the outside. It is a typical “bag company”. Although Zhang Zhao and other fierce players followed, but lacked the guidance of expert consultants, the performance has not been satisfactory. Later, with the help of Zhuge Liang, he used the technique of empty gloves and white wolves to gain a firm foothold in the market. The main features of Liu Bei talent management are:

First, the selection is not too heavy, but in the fine, the people who are required to use can stand alone. This is because Liu Bei's roots are poor, the start is low, and his ability is limited, so he is more dependent on talent. Liu's alternatives mainly adopt the method of elite headhunting, especially like to dig the other side's "talented corners". For example, Wei Yan, Fa Zheng, Li Yan and Ma Chao are all "jumping" from the enemy camp.

Second, the most good at making emotional investments. "Wolong" and "Feng Chuan" have a good life, and Liu Bei has both of them. It is obvious that his power is extraordinary. Taoyuan Sanjieyi made Guanzhang two people follow in life. After Guan Yu dropped Cao, he was still "in Cao Ying, and his heart was in Han". In the end, he abandoned Cao Ben Liu. He took care of Zhu, and made Zhuge Liang squat and die, and became a world talk. After Changshangpo Zhao Yundan riding rescued Adou, Liu Bei immediately slammed Adou on the ground and said, "I am so impressed by the scorpion."

The third is to use people without doubt, fully decentralize, and promote the professional manager system. When Zhuge Liang came out of the mountain, he was only 27 years old and had no work experience, but Liu Bei gave him a heavy responsibility. Later, he was appointed as the military division, and he was the prime minister.

The fourth is to respect talents, be kind to talents, and create a people-oriented corporate culture. Compared with Cao Cao and Sun Quan and others, Liu Bei is more approachable and amiable, and can be used by both Enze and later generations. Liu Bei’s sagacity is that he dares to use people who are better than himself. Cao Cao also loves talent, but at the same time he also avoids it. The reason why Yang Xiu will die is because he is not able to restrain himself, and he has not met an enlightened boss.

The fifth is to build a sound performance management and promotion system. Liu Bei is good at sharing the fruits of success with his employees. Subordinates can always rise with the rise of the boss, and the children and grandchildren can also succumb to their shackles. In addition to meeting the needs of talents in terms of remuneration and benefits, Liu Bei also pays great attention to spiritual incentives, never despising official positions and titles. When he was called Hanzhong Wang, Liu Bei sealed the five tiger generals; when he was emperor, he appointed a series of generals, and most of them were generals.

The main shortcomings of Liu's spare people are emotional use and lack of rational thinking. When taking Hanzhong, he suggested that Zhuge Liang sent Guan Yu to guard Jingzhou, neither sent a counselor to assist him, nor sent a general to replace him. Although Guan Yu is both wise and brave, he can levy good warfare, but he is self-sufficient, self-satisfied, despise anyone, lacks the overall situation, and ultimately leads to "deliberation of Jingzhou", defeated Maicheng, and does not protect the evening, and Zhuge Liang’s Sun Liu alliance is also The land fell apart.

In addition, Liu Bei does not pay attention to the cultivation of talents. Whenever the war is always the veteran, the newcomers are rarely promoted. As a result, the older generation of revolutionaries have died in the late Han Dynasty, and the talents are not answered. The situation of being a pioneer. Although Zhuge Liang and Jiang Wei were struggling to support it in the later period, they still could not save the fate of the country.

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