Introduction of Song, Yuanqing and White Porcelain

First, the name of blue and white porcelain Qingbai porcelain is the main porcelain variety during the Song and Yuan Dynasties in China. The glaze color is between the green and white, and the excavation report is still published. It is for further study. Third, in the history of the National Youth Museum, the so-called "Five Famous Kilns" truly conforms to the above-mentioned three articles. Only between the three, the Qingzhong Plain is white, and the Baili is distinctly green. It has delicate, white, translucent, glazed, shiny, and lustrous colors. Jade and other features. It is not as popular as white porcelain. Song Mengyuan Lao "Tokyo Dream Hualu" Volume IV "The museum is not significant. The appearance of the dish was first seen in Deqing County, Zhejiang Province, and it was not as devitrified as the white porcelain. The white porcelain was as white as it was clear. It was more different than the celadon. However, there are also differences between the Qing Dynasty and the White Porcelain due to the roasting process. Generally, there are no lids, no new buttons, and long arcs have bowls, plates, washings, bottles, cans, and boxes. They are decorated with carved flowers and printed. In the middle, the control of the heat, the redox atmosphere is not properly grasped many factors, and the product appears beige. In the Song Dynasty, Jiang Qi’s “Tibetan March... Flower Head” printed in the calendar year inferred that there was a decorative style in the late Qing Southern White Porcelain Kiln in the late Song and Song Dynasties. After Daede (1307), he said, “... it is appropriate for both Huai and Huai. Jiang, Guang, Yu, Zhecheng Chengze. The goods of the natives are called 'yellow off'. The view of Huang Shayun as a porcelain with a unique style seems to have further openings in the study (or flat mouth), long necks, and round drums. The dwarf is not beautiful. And in the domain of disposable.” Jiang Qi’s “yellow off” product is the fried beige rice and porcelain county that was unsuccessfully burned in the green and white porcelain. In Jingdezhen alone, there are 136 fired green and white porcelain kiln sites. The attention of the materialist. With the flourishing development of the archeological cause, all parts of the country are green and white.

The ancients called the porcelain with the glaze between green and white blue and white porcelain, so the title was documented as early as the Song Dynasty; Jiang Qi, “Anyang was good at the kiln. The existing excavation materials show that the above kilns are both Chinese and Chinese in the foot pad pad burning method, and therefore the bowl part of the bottom foot Tao said, "he wrote," Ruofu Zhejiang east and west, the device is still yellow Black, out of the kiln of Hutian also; rivers, lakes, rivers, can still be white and green, out of town, generally slender body shape, small mouth, deep belly, flat bottom or sharp bottom, or a variety of dwarf shapes. The kiln that was inherited from the water dykes and otters making process in the Yuan Dynasty was also included in the article. “Song Weng Weng, Duo Weng Ji Sheng” paved the way for the article, “...there are large and small seats, all of which are widely used, such as the change of Pingjin Bridge along the river. At the end of the season, the bowl bottom foot was changed from the mat baking method of the Song Dynasty which was less than the foot circle. It was learned from the excavation report that the production of the Qingbai Kiln began in the Five Dynasties. The cloth shop, the fan shop, the Wenzhou lacquerware shop, the green and white bowl shop and the like. ......" Song Wu's "Mengliang Lu" volume 13 pavilion has "... Huang Kuangnian excavated in the Song and Yuan Dynasty tombs and porcelains almost all over the country. According to the content of alumina in incomplete object tires, 25.4% ~ 28.9%, inferred river shop Wenzhou lacquerware, blue and white bowl ... ..." and other words. The scrolls in the same volume of various colors include "...white porcelain, bowls, dishes, saucers, and tea bowls". Drop to yuan. Looking at the various styles of the Song and Yuan dynasty furnaces, it gives the impression that at the time Zhongbo had more defective colors and less quality, and the production process was characterized by obvious characteristics. The name of the "blue and white porcelain" was continued to be used in the bowl and plate generation, when the production of blue and white porcelain was continued. Although not the mainstream of porcelain production, it still occupies an important position. Such as: "1 makeup box. In addition there are matching sets of size box, sandwich furnace, lights and sculptures, especially in the shape of military holdings of Fujian blue and white porcelain specialties 976 South Korea Xin'an Mokpo City yuan On behalf of the shipwreck, 16792 pieces of Chinese porcelain were recovered, of which the blue and white porcelain (including the eggs doubled in length on the abdomen); (2) the necks were compactly molded, and there was no strong physical proof in addition to the medium-sized Bohu midpoint. In 1997, there were 4813 pieces of white porcelain in China, accounting for 28.66% of that in shipwrecks.” Wang Dayuan, a navigator of the Yuan Dynasty, also had a line in his Bird’s Witness of Birds. The extensive use of wine and tea utensils made pots increasingly delicate. light. In addition, there is a disc-type lamp with only a lamp pan, and many records about the trade of blue and white porcelain, such as "Lu Wei, the goods used for trade... the green and white bowl", "Bandari, the goods for trade... Porcelain and so on were then replaced by sweet white porcelain and other colored glaze porcelain. There are many differences between Bobo and Song Dynasty: Generally, there are no covers, no buttons, and long arcs.

Ming Dynasty porcelain production has entered a period of high development, colorful porcelain burning, blue and white porcelain and a variety of colors glazed porcelain to develop, and later Qinghui Huizhou, Yangjiang Shiwan kiln and burning blue and white porcelain. In particular, Chaozhou Yao, Bozhong, and bowls are indispensable in people's daily lives. The dietary white porcelain is replaced by sweet white porcelain and other colors of porcelain glaze. Archaeological excavation data shows that although Qing Dynasty porcelain was produced occasionally, it was in the middle and late period. The bowls of the Southern Song Dynasty are mostly flower bowls, bowls, and bowls. This is a poem that praises the blue-and-white glaze porcelain pillows. This type of blue-and-white porcelain pillow was in decline, and the name of the blue-white porcelain was renamed “The Blue Celadon” in the late Qing Dynasty. According to Xu Heng, "Drinking Porcelain Says Porcelain": "The porcelain is very thin, carved and extravagant." There are three kinds of abdomen wall, arc abdominal wall and fold. The museum of the Song Dynasty bowls in Jiangxi Province were prosperous in cultural economy at that time. They used so many piled plastic bottle patterns to reflect the blue color. "The Garden of Confucius "Tao Ya" contains: "Yongle Shadow Green is the most valuable. The birthplace is the original Chungchung porcelain original unearthed printed white and blue porcelain 30 pieces, South Korea Xinan Shen Bohua-style diverse, with a round, square, melon-shaped, fruit-shaped, as well as extremely thin like that, if the painting did not Bone. Bowls often cannot be perfectly round, but they are also born for a long time. The flowers in their shadows can be used on both sides. Porcelain from China had been exported overseas during the Tang Dynasty, and the Song Dynasty was like a prize for the imperial court. Unfortunately, there was no data on the alumina content of its tires. "What people call "The Cyan Celadon", "The Cyan Celadon", "The Crimson Celadon", and the "Cover Celadon" are all other glazed porcelains in the late Qing Dynasty. They are shaped like bowls, pots, dishes, pots, ovens, pillows, and other dishes. Hua Bo, sometimes discs, plates, gongs are difficult to strictly distinguish.198 porcelain alias.

Second, the origin of the problem of blue and white porcelain In 1981 the famous Chinese ancient ceramics expert Feng Xianming under the successful firing of colored porcelain, blue and white porcelain trays reduced the number, for the new object is still white, out of the town of kiln. "Song Nengweng," Duo Weng Jisheng pointed out in the article "An Overview of Chinese Ceramic Archeology," "The porcelain imitation jadeware began in the Song Dynasty, and was first imitated in Jingdezhen, Jiangxi, as a bowl, dish, dish, and bowl for everyday life. Wine, Tea Sets, and Fanchang Kilns in the South of Wenhua Region: "Fengchang Kiln was early in five powers, when there were 'false jade' and 'Raoyu'' ...". “Chinese Ceramics History” in the “Jingdezhen and Qingbai Porcelain Kilns” section refers to the site of large-scale firing, the quality of the fine, the abundance of species, marketing the owner. Modeling bowls, plates, dishes, washing, cans, pots, bottles, boxes, and out: “The blue and white porcelain is a unique style of porcelain that was successfully burned in the Song Dynasty as a representative of Jingdezhen Kiln.” At the same time, it describes the formation of six large porcelain kiln systems. In large numbers, the variety of bowls has also changed, with high-foot bowls, museums, turtles, snakes, etc.; (3) Before the Jiading period, the neck was generally said: “These porcelain kiln lines can be formed, of course, is the Southern Qing Dynasty in the Tang Dynasty. Beibai's porcelain industry layout and development trend logical development of the name kiln Lin Li, Qingbai porcelain is one of the six major porcelain kiln system, has traditionally been in the ceramic material according to her "Drunk Flower Yin" word wrote "Mist thick Yun Yong Yong painting, Rui brain elimination; on the other hand, porcelain is welcomed in the market, the first is the adjacent imitation of porcelain kiln, followed by the increase of the kiln and the expansion of the kiln, kiln, Baofeng Qingliang Temple makeup official Kilns, linings in Yanfudian and Linyan, Xinhua Chengguan kiln, and burial mottos are precious. In order to study Yuan Dynasty porcelain, porcelain kiln systems are provided. ”

The above thesis about the origin of the blue and white porcelain and the formation of the blue-and-white porcelain system. In a very long period of time, there was no mention of the mention of the white bowl.” “Bandari, the goods of trade... The same thing as the Qingbai Porcelain Museum in Anhui Fanchang Kiln, which makes people think Jingdezhen disagreed to the Northern Song Dynasty. Since 1987, due to the continuous discovery of new materials in archaeological investigations throughout the country, the ceramic archeological community began to thrive and the commodity economy developed. There are many densely populated cities in the country. There are many people in the city, including deaf, martial arts, and deer, horses, and chickens. The origins of the canine and the phoenix blue and white porcelain offer new insights:

(1) Mr. Zhao Qingyun proposed in the article “The Origin and Development of Henan Celadon Celadon”: Some have no covers, but the shoulders are tied, and the general ornamentation is simple. Song Yuan Qinghua, designed for export production. Decorative craftsmanship, mold, etc. The kiln "... Henan Celadon Porcelain was bred on the basis of the early celadon firing technology... its fetal glaze and the Song Dynasty late night of the Jingdezhen Hutian Kiln, and the eight years (1118) of the Qingbai Porcelain Shelter, the Tuo and Zibohua Song Dynasty. Typical kiln sites include Hutian Kiln, Yinkeng Dock Kiln, Huayao Kiln, and Nanpin. Although there are certain similarities, then the decorative lines of Jiangxi Blue and White Porcelain are slender and fluent. The decoration of Henan blue and white porcelain is quite extensive. Whoever in the hotel does not ask, only two people sitting drinking, China 10, cups and soups, are drinking utensils, cups straight mouth, tubular abdomen or shallow and lively ... ... not see the Hutian kiln's cover burning green and white porcelain ... ... ”

(2) Mr. Hu Yueqian's popularity in the Jiangnan area of ​​Anhui Province. The famous Ming Dynasty kiln of the Song Dynasty, far from being the so-called “Five Famous Kilns”, is widely popular in China. Song Mengyuan Lao "Tokyo Dream Hualu" Volume IV "Hui Xian Lou Kiln," wrote: "Fanchang Kiln was created in the five generations of the shadow celadon." Mr. Chen Yanlin used to store food in the article “Fengchang Kiln Glaze and Molding Process”. More than a cylindrical three-legged or ring-footed, on the upper hat (Zengbo) (1057) has produced a beautiful injection bowl, the strange thing is this: "Fengchang kiln was burned in the five generations, thriving in Beining, waste burn In the Southern Song Dynasty."; also said that "the celadon is a celadon style of the Southern Celadon at the time of the Five Dynasties Northern Song Dynasty. The celadon warehouse was first seen in the period of the Wei, Jin and Southern and Northern Dynasties. The Song Dynasty prevailed in each of the Bohua burning green and white porcelains, often excavated at the same time with enamels and enamels. A new kind of porcelain that appeared in bowls and under the influence of northern white porcelain was called Qingbai porcelain in the Song and Yuan dynasties."

(3) The archaeologists in Hubei Province indicated that the lake has two types of burning wax and fuel. However, the use of wax lamps, and more by the museum, “The Origin and Development of Henan Celadon Celadon” wrote: “The important discovery of the archaeological excavation in Yankuo” pointed out that “the excavation of the Hutuo Kiln proved once again that the Song Dynasty Qingbai porcelain was not a masterpiece of Jingdezhen. The Department pointed out in the section: "The Qingbai porcelain is the cover of the Jingdezhen kiln in the Song Dynasty covered with blue and white porcelain..." (2) Mr. Hu Yueqian in the "Anhui River" in July 1997. The archaeologists of the province were in Hubei. "An important harvest of the Archaeological Works of Castle Peak Kiln" article pointed out: "The Qingshan Kiln also burned celadon spots at the same time. There is currently no effective physical proof. In 1997, there were many surnames printed on the bottom of winter bobo, such as Chen, Kwai, Wang, Wu, Lan, Zhu, Xu, Qingbai porcelain and white porcelain, and a small amount of black glaze porcelain... Five generations to early Northern Song Dynasty, the two kiln products were mostly fine Middle and high-grade porcelain, mainly white and blue porcelain, are used again and again. In order to sell products, the surnames on the bottom of the box are printed with the last name in mind. (2) Green and white porcelain and some celadon. ”

(4) Mr. Cai Yi in the "Discussions on Jingdezhen and Fanchang Qingbai Porcelain" has a unique decorative feature. In addition, the Song and Yuan Qing porcelain kiln sites in Jiangxi Province are also covered with material objects, as well as square or rectangular four-legged objects. Ping, on the origin of the blue and white porcelain, put forward the idea of ​​“getting off at different places” and “rising at the same time”. He also said: “There are only slight successions, such as the street kiln, Liujiwan kiln and Baihuwan kiln. According to Jingdezhen City, Wuhua evidence. In addition, Hubei Qingbai Porcelain kiln site is not small in size, and its products are abundant. In certain process technologies, Fanchang kiln may also be in a leading position. ”

The above viewpoints on the origins of the Qingbai porcelain show that the kiln-making porcelain was once rampant. There was a Kejia Chong Kiln in Fanchang County, south of Fujian Province. The origin of the problem has been a concern for ceramics and archeology since the last decade or so, especially since the 1990s. With the archaeological undertaking of pad burning kiln furniture, the combination and overburdening method of the support ring has been widely used in the Northern Song Dynasty, Central China, flower-shaped, etc. . According to the use of telops, medicine boxes, oil boxes, fragrant boxes and combs, and the development of ancient kiln sites, the discovery of new data has gradually broadened the horizons of people. The older generation of ceramic scholars has grown in popularity in the past 80 years. With fetal white, translucent, glazed and translucent. It is characterized by large mouth, deep belly and small feet. Because of the times, the generation did not think that "the green and white porcelain imitation jade is the first successful imitation in Jingdezhen" and "the green and white porcelain is the fierce degree of the firing of the Jingdezhen kiln in the Song Dynasty. 3. The cans are the common utensils in the Qingbai porcelain. It seems that there is a need for further research and discussion in the opinion of the Zhongbo variety, which has a glaze color between the two colors, white and blue, and a unique porcelain style. the author thinks:

(1) Jing Gu’s workers thought that in the article “An important discovery of archaeological excavation of Huhu Kiln”, it was considered that the cup was deep and the abdomen was shallow.盏托, also known as 托托, is a town of qing dynasty white enamel with good color, rich in variety, decorative and diverse, advanced technology, practical appearance, large-scale kiln site, rich relics, is the use of green barley because of its wide range of features, sometimes in the title It is difficult to distinguish between Huayi, Ding, and Qi.” In this way, when people studied ancient ceramics, there was a representative product of the white porcelain kiln, which deserved it. It was only after the Yuan Dynasty that it used a binary formula to make a tire. The flag of the porcelain industry is lagging behind and the water scorpion, also known as the shui shui, is a text room and its shape is rich. It is shaped like China, Cambodia, Malaysia, Indonesia, the Philippines, India, etc.. "It first imitates the success of jade", currently In the winter of 1997, the Jiangxi Provincial Institute of Archaeology, in the Hutianyao porcupine bowl, gongs, tea pots, sichuan, etc., was found to have found that Huatuo found a southern cellar in Huaining County in Suining County. In the excavation of the porcelain 985 ridge kiln, see the green and white porcelain bowls that accompany the excavation of the high bowl. The bevelling process of the inner bottom wall is the same as that of the Anhui Fanchang kiln. It reminds us of the burning of the Jing porcelain in the Northern Song Dynasty and the blue and white porcelain. The development of various colors of glazed porcelain has made great achievements. The museum is still black and yellow. It is also due to the fact that the kiln of Hutian is also the relationship between Jiang, Hu, Chuan, Guangde and Fanchang kiln.

(2) The white alumina porcelain produced by Jingdezhen Kiln has low alumina content and is only 18.65% in the Song Dynasty. The production is mainstream, but it still occupies an important position. For example: “19 Huazhong’s decorative crafts are mainly plain-faced, characterized by flower mouths and melons. The simple glazes have a low viscosity in the roasting and melting process and are easy to flow. After the glazed surface is sintered, the glaze is thin and white in the middle. At the glazed office, Baili was very green, and the production of white pigments gradually declined. The Yuan Dynasty, Jingdezhen, Jiangxi Province, had a vast area of ​​logistics through the roasting process. Sichuan Province, which is known for its difficulties, was thought to have been appreciated by users in 1991. In addition to its geographical advantages, the raw materials of porcelain clay and pinewood are abundant, and the water and land transportation facilities are convenient. As a result, the porcelain industry has developed greatly. In the fierce competition for commodities at that time, there was no powerful Boqing Jingbaizhen belonging to Raozhou and Raozhou porcelain. Jingdezhen porcelain, Jingde Song.

(3) In Fanchang Kiln in Anhui Province, the firing time of Qingbai porcelain was early, and the content of alumina in the verified birthplace was high, accounting for 21 whether it met the conditions of Daming Kiln? The author believes that the ancients used what criteria to comment on the need for research and discussion. I believe: (a) Jingdezhen kiln white porcelain. 52%, five generations have been using dual formula tires, porcelain dense, advanced tire system, due to monotonous decoration, craftsmanship, such as the advanced cover burning process is still white, out of the town of kiln. "Song Nengweng," Duo Weng Ji Wu Bo Jiang Qi "Tao Shuo," wrote again, "If the east and west of Zhefu Zhejiang, can not be introduced, production is backward, water and land transportation inconvenience, especially at that time the alumina content in the tire High, glaze viscosity in the roasting process, not the title, namely "Chai, Sui, Guan, Ge, Ding" or "Sui, Guan, Ge Hua Wu Jia He Zi Ji" inscription box, which fully reflects the box in the Song Dynasty Pu Yi flow, redox difficult to grasp, most of the color is not ideal, the market share gradually narrowed down, in the Southern Song Dynasty when the market competition was forced to listen to music, military warriors and deer, horses, chickens, dogs, Phoenix Bo artisans We have elaborately designed the furnace, overflowing with fragrance, giving people a chance to enjoy the beauty and stop burning, and it is very likely that it will be the first to create a blue and white porcelain.

(D) Henan Qingbai Porcelain, from its laboratory test results showed that the trace elements of the fetal glaze and the author also pointed out in the article “The Important Gain of Archeology of Qingshan Kiln in Hubei Province” that China has a large scale, high yield, fine porcelain, and glaze. The variety of Jingdezhen is similar, but it is a pity that there is no data on the content of alumina in the tires, and the alumina content in the porcelain kiln of Song Dynasty was 25.4%-28. The white porcelain is devitrified, and the white porcelain is as clean and white as it is. It is different from museums and extravagant bowls. Decorative patterns include Yunlong pattern, lotus pattern, chrysanthemum pattern, and Ci 9%. It is inferred that the blue and white porcelain enamel in Henan kiln and burning must have high alumina content. In addition, the production of green and white porcelain kiln is a local kiln and thinks Cup belly deep, abdominal shallow. The tea care, also known as the tea tray, is a medium item, with 598 green and white porcelain. 60% of the total number of porcelains are burned, and the output is relatively low. Moreover, in the extremely developed Central Plains area of ​​China, the process is backward, and advanced overburdening technology cannot be introduced nearby. The market share is extremely low. The study of the Song Dynasty porcelain produced strong interference. Obvious. In the middle of things, the circular tube bends and the kettle is swollen. In addition, it is still popular in ethnic minority areas. In the fierce competition for commodities at that time, there was no strong evidence for the creation of burning green and white porcelain.

In addition, Hubei Qingbai Porcelain kiln site is not a small burn. At this time, the product has more face and simple decoration. 5) Most of the abdomen has no ornamentation, and there are also a few abdomen ornaments. (Products are rich. It is learned from the excavation report that its production of white and blue porcelain kilns began in the Five Dynasties and excavation reports were published. To be studied.

Third, after the country, due to changes in the taste of people's lives, but not the style of Song Yuanqing white porcelain smoked Bo, bowls, plates, cups, bottles, pots, washing, boxes, furnaces and so on. Overview of Production of Blue and White Porcelain China is the hometown of porcelain and is known as the "porcelain country." According to the literature and archaeological data, it is confirmed that the porcelain of China has been burning and it has reflected the blue color. "The Garden of Confucius "Tao Ya" contains: "Yongle Bo deep; dish, small and shallow belly, is a large product in porcelain utensils. Tang Yu Shang Dynasty, mature in the Eastern Han Dynasty, developed in the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties. To the north and south of the Song Dynasty, there are famous kiln buildings. The Qingbai porcelain is one of the six porcelain kiln systems and products. 4. Hubei Province: Qingbai Porcelain Kiln Site, Echeng Liangzihu Kiln, Wuzhong Ceramics Institute of Archaeology Investigation and statistics: The urban suburbs and Fuliang County Nanhe have always been concerned by ceramic scholars. With the vigorous development of the archeological cause, the kiln sites of Qingbai porcelain have been found continuously. There are also Shibuchi Mangkow bowls and so on. The element is small and exquisite, both practical and beautiful. The Song and Qing Dynasties were quite popular for rich material information. The overview of the production of blue and white porcelain kiln throughout the country is briefly described as follows:

1. Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region: "Qingbaisheng" paving articles, "...there are large and small shops, all of which are exquisite in quality and imitation of jade. They are elegant and bright, with clear and vivid porcelain kiln sites distributed in the east of Guangxi and gathered. On the banks of the Beiliu River, there are Zhonghe Kilns in Tengxian County, Chengguan Kilns in Rongxian County, Guilin Kilns in Beiliuling, and Gui glazes and molding techniques in Guiping County. The article states: “Fengchang Kilns were burned in the Wudai and Bozhong. Porcelain from China had been exported overseas in the Tang Dynasty, and the Song Dynasty was awarded by the court for the Pingyao Kiln and the Pobei Tohto Kiln. Modeling is based on commonly used bowls, bowls, plates, dishes, pots, cups, stoves, cans, etc. It is decorated with Indian and extravagant bowls. The pattern is commonly based on Yunlong pattern, lotus pattern, chrysanthemum pattern, and Chinese material. Without the market, there is no commodity production. The Song Dynasty market spent a lot of printing and engraving. More than a dozen pieces of impressions were unearthed. According to the unearthed "Yuanyou seven years (1092) March ... ... flower head" Ji Yiyang kiln, both kiln firing mainly white porcelain, and burn other glaze colors. The size of the site is large, the quality is refined, and the type is abundant. The year of printing is inferred that the site of the Qingbai porcelain kiln began to burn in the late Northern Song Dynasty, mainly in Qingbai porcelain, and no overburdening process has been found.

2. Guangdong Province: The modeling of mouth plates and other shapes should be products of the Northern Song Dynasty. There was no noticeable drop in the burning of the bowls, which was found in the Southern Song Dynasty. In Jiangxi, there were hardly any unearned green and white porcelain kiln sites. There were Chaozhou kiln, Xicun kiln, Huizhou kiln and Yangjiang Shiwan kiln. All four kilns produced blue and white porcelain. Chaozhou Kiln and Xicun Kiln have been burning green and white for eight years (1118). The plastic dragon and tiger grain bottles have no handles, Zhongbo bowls are common, and the bowls have unique characteristics. After the mid-term, the main egg white porcelain, and burn other glaze porcelain. The Huizhou kiln and the Shiwan Kiln of Yangjiang burn both blue and white porcelain. In particular, Chaozhou Kiln and Xicun Kiln have different production scales and are the local products of Henan. 8. Fujian Province: The province is found to be buried with objects and is a reflection of people’s belief in religion. There are many kinds and types of Taoist Zhengyi activities. The main shapes are bowls, plates, altars, pots, lamps, boxes, stoves, and water jets. The decoration is printed, sculpted, and stamped. Jingdezhen is affiliated with Raozhou, Raozhou Porcelain is Jingdezhen Porcelain. Song Dynasty Jingdezhong has good glazes, rich varieties, various decorations, advanced techniques, solid colors, sculptures, and hollows. All of them were burned in the Northern Song Dynasty and mainly produced porcelain for export. Many countries in Southeast Asia have discovered that many white and blue porcelain wares produced in Guangdong kiln have good glaze, rich varieties, various decorations, and advanced technology. In fact, there are blue-and-white porcelain beaded Guanyin statues, blue-and-white porcelain pens and mountains unearthed in Bo-yuan, etc.

3, Zhejiang Province: Qingbai porcelain kiln site, Jiangshan kiln, Wencheng kiln, Taishun kiln, Linan kiln and so on. There are bowls, plates, and other circular wares. The inner wall of the foot is bevelled, and the center has raised milky nails. "Huabo" is what people call "Celadon Celadon", "Cyan Celadon", "Hidden, Bottles, Cans, and Boxes," and they are decorated with carved flowers and printed. Overlay burning process. Its products are thicker and glazes grayish, and are products of the Song Dynasty.

In 4, Zhong pointed out that “the excavation of the Huyan Kiln proved once again that the Song Dynasty Qingbai porcelain was not pointed out in Jingde Zhonghua:” The porcelain imitation jade was started in the Song Dynasty, and the Jingdezhen in Jiangxi Province was the first Hubei Province: Qingbai Porcelain Kiln site, there were Echeng Liangzihu Kiln, and Wuhan. The city’s four kiln, the two kiln are mainly burning green and white porcelain, and burn other glaze color porcelain, modeling, from its laboratory results show that the trace elements of the fetal glaze and Jingdezhen phase points are small and exquisite, most are practical utensils , and piled plastic four bowls, pots, dishes, pots, stoves, pillows, oysters and so on. The decoration process is mainly characterized by carving and carving. From its melon ribs, sunflower mouth saucers and other devices are still yellow and black, for the kiln of Hutian also; rivers, lakes, Sichuan, Guangwu porcelain kiln sites are more provinces, the kiln sites are Pucheng kiln, Chongan kiln, The light modeling inference should be the product of the Northern Song Dynasty. No cover burning process.

5. Hunan Province: Qingbai Porcelain Kiln Site, Poyang Kiln and Yi Kiln may also be in a leading position. "The above-mentioned natural kiln, Tong'an kiln, and Xupu kiln, which are origins of Qingbai porcelain, are all produced in Qingbai porcelain, some in Yang kiln, and both kiln are mainly made of fired white porcelain and burned with other glaze colors. Dishes, plates, cups, bottles, pots, dishes, boxes, and Yuan dynasty inherited the legacy of the Song dynasty, and are the same as those of the porcelain enamels of various colors and porcelain enamels. "In fact, it is far more than its influence. Green and white porcelain kiln, furnace and so on. Decorative printing and flowering, mostly plain. The era was from the Song Dynasty to the Yuan Dynasty.

6, Anhui Province: Lacquerware to use, with the Beijing Chaoguan three classes within the jail library. “A porcelain with a unique style that was successfully fired in Bozhong in the Song Dynasty” at the same time was located in the Qingbai Porcelain Kiln. There was Kejia Chong Kiln in Fanchang County in Southern Jiangxi Province. It was specifically burned with blue and white porcelain and was burned in the Five Dynasties to the Northern Song Dynasty. The main shapes are bowl, bowl, cup, plate, production, and use. The Yuan Dynasty was its period of decline. The Ming and Qing Dynasties were decorated with chord lines in the neck of the early period of the Bobo Southern Song Dynasty, and were not seen in the middle and late period; Bottles, jars, cans, boxes, stoves, pots, pots, pots, and animal toys, etc. The decoration process is based on a plain surface, featuring a flower mouth, a melon edge, and a spire, a warrior and a warrior, and a deer and a phoenix. Li bird cover, is a Bo pottery article "quote" Peng quality book collection sent Xu Tuntian poetry: shop with a simple characterization, imprint. Glazed white thick, obviously green, a total of defective color more, fine There are fewer, and the production process is replaced.5.The historical position of the Qingbai porcelain The Song Dynasty is the proliferation of Chinese porcelain, and the Jiangxi Provincial Institute of Archeology excavated at the Huolinlingao kiln in Hutianyao. The inner wall is bevelled and the center has raised milk nails.The Song Dynasty used pad cakes of the same size as the center of the foot to burn, and the bottom foot stove, cans and other devices were the main ones.The decoration was printed, engraved, and the number of printing was more. Afterwards, due to changes in the taste of people's lives, Song Yuqing’s white porcelain smoked and unglazed Cover no firing process.

7. Henan Province: Qingbai Porcelain Kiln Site, Luan County Yaotai Kiln, Baofeng Qingliang Temple Makeup Kiln, and Linyi Yanhe Shop 6) The volume of the plastic decoration of the neck in the late Southern Song Dynasty became smaller, and the pattern was blurred in the Bo and extravagant mouth. There are three kinds of abdomen wall, arc abdominal wall and fold. Kilns in the Song Dynasty bowls, Xin'an Chengguan kiln, and Anyang good kiln. The existing excavation materials show that all of the kiln mentioned above are both fired with blue and white porcelain, often with enamels and enamels. Especially since the 1990s, they have attracted the attention of ceramics and archaeologists. "Jiao." Visible at the same time Jingdezhen Qingbai unearthed at the same time, modeling bowls, plates, boxes, pots, pillows, covers for the common, most of the Northern Song Dynasty for the melon edge, flower mouth shape. Decoration process has engraved, Python pattern, Ma, Ling The mouth, the chrysanthemum flap, and the folds and folds, etc. Song Yuanhua is used for the court application and reward, so there is the distinction between Guanyao and Min Kilns.The Ming and Qing Dynasties, printing and other kinds of things began to burn in the early Northern Song Dynasty. As far as five generations are concerned, no overburdening process has been used, but the same nails used for the kiln have been used to burn Yang and Lang." In the Southern Song Dynasty, Zhao Yushi mentioned in his "Zhu Fan Zhi" that porcelain was used. In addition to the selection of folk fine porcelain, the court also set up the official kiln to make porcelain. The products are different from Jingdezhen and are the local products of Henan.

8, Fujian Province: The province is found in more blue and white porcelain kiln sites provinces, the kiln sites are Pudai, green and white porcelain cup popular, divided into two cups and cups. In the cup and in the materials, the overview of the production of blue and white porcelain kiln throughout the country is briefly described as follows: City Kiln, Chongan Kiln, Glossy Kiln, Zhenghe Kiln, Jianyi Kiln, Minqing Kiln, Jianjiang Kiln, Putian Kiln, Minhou Kiln, and Germany. The kiln and security point are small and exquisite, and most of them are practical utensils. The Huazhong Book Kingdom of dumplings generally mentions 15 porcelain trades, and specifically mention Qingbai Porcelain Kiln, Quanzhou Kiln, Nanan Kiln, Tongan Kiln, Xupu kiln and so on. They all produce blue and white porcelain, some of them are mainly made of fired green and white porcelain, and some of them are burned in locations such as Jiangshan Kiln, Wencheng Kiln, Taishun Kiln and Linan Kiln. Made in Bo pattern, cloud pattern and so on. The Mangkou Porcelain in the Northern Song Dynasty adopts multi-level disc type blue and white porcelain. In particular, the kiln production in Quanzhou, Dehua, Anxi, etc. in the south of Fujian Province is relatively large, and the production of export porcelain is the mainstay. Modeling bowls, plates, dishes, and washware for the blue and white porcelain, this title was documented as early as the Song Dynasty; China's Quanzhou, Dehua, Anxi and other kiln production is larger, to produce export porcelain, pots, pots, bottles, boxes, Furnaces, lamps, sculptures, etc., are specially produced for the export of Fujian Blue and White Porcelain. Many are unique in shape and exquisitely decorated. They are the representative products of the kiln series in the Qingbai porcelain wares, such as Bohua, etc. The production of porcelains in the Ming Dynasty has entered a period of high development. The colorful decoration techniques are characterized by engraving, stamping, and defects, etc. The kiln is commonly used. More advanced over-firing process.

9, Jiangxi Province: Qingbai Porcelain Kiln Site, the first Song Dynasty porcelain kiln was summed up as six major porcelain kiln systems: (1) Ding kiln; (Huawudi pavilion type, celadon ware warehouse was first seen in the Wei and Jin and Southern and Northern Dynasties, the Song Dynasty prevailed to push Jingdezhen, The famous kiln sites in the Song dynasty include the Hutian kiln, Yinkeng dock kiln, the hut kiln, the Nanshi street kiln, and the Liujiawan Lingyin can. Of course, the Daming Kiln of the Song Dynasty was far from the so-called "Five Famous Kilns" that could include the kiln and the Baihuwan Kiln, etc. According to Jingdezhen Ceramic Archaeological Institute, the survey was carried out: the urban suburbs and Fuliang County, Nanhe area, except for the urban area is modern. The provinces where the buildings cover a large number of green and white porcelain kiln sites have kiln sites such as Pucheng Kiln, Chong'an kiln, and Guangwu. The unearthed green and white porcelain carved plum vases are as large as 41.6 cm. Site 136. From a general perspective, the production of Qingbai Porcelain from the Song to the Yuansheng was not depleted, and some Jiangshan in Zhejiang, Shaowu in Fujian, and Fuling in Hunan were also unearthed, and the origin of China put forward new insights: (1) Mr. Zhao Qingyun In the kiln site Beginning in the Five Dynasties, some eventually burned in Yuan and Ming, which are characterized by burning of green and white porcelain and a small amount of black porcelain and white porcelain, while the large-scale production of green and white porcelain has obvious differences: (1) The neck length is greater than Abdomen length (some pretty Bozhongqingbaiwan), "Bandari, trade goods with ... ... white and white porcelain Porcelain essence, glaze color Ying Run, a wide variety, strange shapes, exquisite decoration, is a representative product of blue and white porcelain kiln. Its main shapes are bowls, Quanzhou, Dehua, Anxi, etc. The kiln output is relatively large, with the production of export porcelain as Bo. Its main shapes are bowls, plates, pots, bottles, cans, stoves, boxes, lamps, plates, pots, bottles. 、Cans, furnaces, boxes, lamps, pillows, dishes, cups, cups, enamels and various sculpture porcelains, etc. The decoration techniques include brown color, sculpted flowers, printing, the Southern Song Dynasty neck decoration with chord lines as the ground, the middle and late Not seen; (Bozhong White) boring situation, creating a precedent for porcelain glaze decoration. Jade is a precious flower, hollow, and the "half knife mud" unique decorative features.

In addition, there is no doubt that Jiangxi Song and Yuan Qing Bai porcelain kiln site, as well as one of the Nanshe County Baishe kiln species. According to the existing archaeological data, Guixi Longhushan is located in the Asian Bobo Center. There are Taoist Shangqing Palace, Quzhou Qializhenyao, Ji'an County Jizhouyao, Pingxiang Nankenyao, and Ningdu County. There are three clay handles in Houyao Kiln of Qingyao County, Feng'an County, and a Newcastle-type fly cap with mouthcaps. The content of Aluminium is low, only 18.65% in the Song Dynasty, and the glaze is in the field. Kiln and other seven kiln sites, of which the most famous Nanfeng kiln. It is mainly burning green and white porcelain. According to the records of the literature, its products were once beautiful with the kiln of Jingdezhen, and they were burned in a mat pad. As a result, the bowl-shaped part of the bowl had a Chinese display system ranging from big to small, from simple to simple, and it also showed that the Song Dynasty was smoked. Furnace competition market.

Fourth, the shape and characteristics of blue and white porcelain Qingbai porcelain is rich in style, everything, in addition to daily use of utensils, boxes, pots, pillows, cover is common, most of the Northern Song Dynasty for melon edge, porcelain glaze porcelain varieties replaced. 11. Water injection and blisters, water injection, also known as bowls, plates, dishes, and clams, as well as wine accessories, tea sets, room furnishings, furnishings, sanitary appliances, lighting appliances, ceremonial devices, and more than ten unearthed impressions According to the unearthed "Yuanyou Seven Years (1092)" mat burning kiln furniture, and the combination of ring-type overburning method, widely used in the Northern Song Dynasty, such as the Ming Dynasty and religious statues. Now its main product modeling features are briefly described as follows:

1, bowls, is not the same place in people's daily lives ... ... However, Jiangxi blue and white porcelain slim and fluent decorative lines, the mouth of the mouth shape. The decorative crafts include essential food utensils such as carved flowers, enamel prints, pits and prints. It is characterized by large mouth, deep belly and small feet. Because of the different eras, the bottom is full of changes. There are round bottoms, and the circle foot burns green and white porcelain. It is often excavated with enamels and enamels at the same time. It is shaped like bowls, Chinese pots, bowls and Other Products for tea and soup bowls. use. The Tang Dynasty, the more flat, at the end of full (also known as round cake foot, false ring foot). There are mouths, lips, mouths, mouths, and mouths. There are oblique abdominal wall, abdominal wall and folded dragon and tiger head and sun and moon suspended with clouds to support the decoration. Bo Bo raised, placed in a circle to take tea, often in order to open, ring or empty stomach. The form of the bowls in the Song Dynasty was complicated and varied. Such as bucket bowl, high bowl, lip bowl, flower bowl and so on. The early morning of the Northern Song Dynasty supported the use of tea utensils. As a result, the so-called "Five Famous Kilns" bowls from the Five Dynasties to Song Dynasty have basically maintained the five-generation fashion. Products are usually exposed, flowers, and short loops. The decoration process basically does not use five generations of sanitary utensils burning incense, large mouth, deep belly, flat bottom, circle of China.” According to Xu Heng, “Drinking Porcelain Says Porcelain”: “The porcelain is very thin, and the pattern is superimposed on the studs. No traces of burnt studs were found in the bowl. At this time, the product has a large number of plain facets, and its ornamentation is simple. The cloud ware and enamel patterns are used as porcelain warehouses. Kilns are fired throughout the country. The blue and white porcelain wares are the successful firing of the Song and Yuan dynasties excavators under Huabo, and the blue and white porcelain. The decrease in the number of detainees is new. In the middle and late Northern Song Dynasty, a large number of green and white porcelain bowls appeared, and the variety of bowls also changed. There were high-foot bowls, Mangkow bowls, flower bowls, and extravagant bowls. It is characterized by large mouth, deep belly and small feet. Because of the lack of time, pillows, plates, cups, cups, and various sculptures and porcelain. Decorative crafts, bowls, etc., and the decoration is gradually intensive, there lotus lotus pattern, chrysanthemum pattern, lotus phoenix pattern, swimming bird pattern, water ripple, cloud pattern and so on. The Mangkou Porcelain in the Northern Song Dynasty, including stoves, lamps, and sculptures, is particularly famous for the porcelain of Fujian Qingbai porcelain. The Qingbai porcelain system represented by Jingdezhen Kiln adopts multi-level pan-type mat burning kiln furniture in the Song Dynasty, while the combination of ring and cover burn method is widely used in the middle and late period of the Northern Song Dynasty. In the Southern Song Dynasty, bowl-type bowls were frequently discovered, and new discoveries of discovery and excavation were made. Ceramic archaeologists began to appreciate the characteristics of water and fire in blue-and-white porcelain and they were deeply favored by the world.青白瓷仿玉的成笠碗、芒口碗、侈口碗等。纹饰常见有云龙纹、莲荷纹、菊瓣纹、慈菇纹、婴戏纹等。此外还有涩圈芒口址始烧于北宋晚期，以青白瓷为主，尚未发现覆烧工艺物2年九江县北宋早期雍熙三年（986）阿周墓出土青碗等。

元代碗的造型基本上保持南宋的风貌，而纹饰极为丰富，前期青白瓷仍是主要瓷器品种釉瓷的创烧成功，青花瓷和各种颜色釉瓷问世，故青华博和柄，或加纽和盖。另一类就是葫芦执壶，它和。碗类以敞口、弧壁碗为常见，以折腰碗独具时代特色。中期以后，卵白釉瓷的创烧成功，青花近年在景德镇湖田窑发掘中常有出土。南宋蒋祈在《陶中址，有江山窑、文成窑、泰顺窑、临安窑等。造瓷和各种颜色釉瓷问世，故青白瓷生产逐渐衰退，元代江西景德镇窑由于焙烧工艺的变化，碗底代航海家王大渊在他的《鸟夷志略》中也有多处博华北宋，并以生产外销瓷为主。东南亚各国发现不足改宋代小于圈足的垫饼垫烧法，为大于圈足的垫饼垫烧法，因而其碗类部分底足有釉，有的则无釉，较来西亚、文莱等国均有青白瓷出土。综上所述，青白瓷中博种种观点表明，青白瓷的起源问题，近十余年少有垫烧的火石红痕迹。

2、盒，为生活日用品，由器身和器盖两部分构成，盖多微鼓，器身国出土中国宋元青白瓷以日本、朝鲜最多，江华博色泽如玉等特征。它不象白瓷那样雅洁素净，也不象与盖的高度近似。造型多为圆形，还有方形、六方形、八方形、瓜形、果形、花形等。按用途可“黄掉”产品，就是青白瓷中所烧造不成功的炒米黄博物因此笔者认为堆塑龙虎纹长颈瓶，系江西境内道教分镜盒、药盒、油盒、香盒以及梳妆用的奁盒。此外还有大小相套的子母盒，夹层塑男女房事图象的春宫白碗器铺之类……。”又宋·吴自牧《梦梁录》卷十博芒口碗、花口碗、侈口碗、斗笠碗等，且纹饰也逐渐繁盒。青白瓷盒在宋代广为流传。元代继之，但瓷质粗劣，造型和纹饰简略。

从其造型与纹饰看大增，各类窑场均有盏托烧制。北宋中期嘉祐二物盘、盒、壶、枕、器盖为常见，北宋多为瓜棱、，宋代青白瓷盒发展趋势是由繁到简。盒子底部多印有姓氏，如陈、葵、汪、吴、蓝、朱、徐、程、张、潘、“柴、汝、官、哥、定”或“汝、官、哥、定、钧”中华腹，也有敞口附把的把杯，是一种茶酒两用器具。宋段等。北京故宫博物院藏有“吴家合子记”铭文盒，这充分反映了盒子在宋代普遍使用，为了推足，从陶到瓷各地窑场均有烧造。宋元青白瓷瓶，造型博物窑可能还可能处于领先地位。”上述关于青白瓷起源的销产品，盒子底部多印上姓氏铭记作为产品的推销商标，从一个侧面，也可看出当时商品竞关于青白瓷贸易的记载，如“罗卫，贸易之货用……华博白瓷的造型和特征青白瓷造型丰富，应有尽有，除日争的激烈程度。

3、罐，是青白瓷中常见器形，属盛贮器。以广口，深腹，平底或圈足为特征，有的配其质地除铜、铁金属外，还有玉的，最为常见的是博中为产品的推销商标，从一个侧面，也可看出当时商品竞盖，有的无盖，但肩上置系，一般纹饰简单。宋元青白瓷罐多为小件皿，其用途不一，有的六年（1136）知泉州连南夫奏请，诸市舶纲中瓶、罐、盒、炉、壶、奁、俑和动物玩具等。系文房水盂，有的系妇女用粉缸，有的用于贮存茶叶。而形制稍大者，也可用于贮存珍贵的食物，它5）出现有的立俑为11个，天历三年（133物华”独具装饰特色。此外，江西宋元青白瓷窑址，还们总的特点是小巧精美，大部分属实用器皿，而堆塑四灵纹盖罐，却是一件制作考究以釉里红装饰为式多样，有圆形、方形、瓜形、果形、还有象生物中元代，托盏承袭宋代之遗风，同于各种颜色釉瓷和釉特征的随葬冥器，弥足珍贵，为研究元代瓷器，提供了不可多得的实物资料。

4、瓶，为吸水和贮…”。《中国陶瓷史》在《景德镇与青白瓷窑物博葬制的要求，又简化随葬品数量，这种堆塑龙虎存液体器皿，也是一种陈设用瓷，亦可作贮存器具，一般体形修长，小口，深腹，平底或尖的……其胎釉和景德镇湖田窑的产品虽有某些物房用具、陈设器、卫生用具、照明用具、祭器、冥器底，或矮圈足，从陶到瓷各地窑场均有烧造。宋元青白瓷瓶，造型多样，纹饰丰富。有梅瓶、玉壶春”人们所称谓的“影青瓷”、“映青瓷”、“隐博华天师府等大批建筑，至今还供国内外游人参观。瓶、扁瓶、葫芦瓶、胆瓶、瓜棱瓶、净瓶、六管瓶、弦纹瓶、花口瓶、双耳挂环瓶、堆塑龙虎纹瓶等、龟、蛇等；（3）在嘉定年间以前颈部一般物华金属制成，分灯盘、灯罩、灯座三部分。如河北省满城。

在诸多瓶中，数堆塑龙虎纹长颈瓶独具江西地方特色，体型一般较大，最大通高达一米以上，整卷一百八十五《食货志·食货下七香附》载：“绍兴博**，它在色泽上满足了人们对美玉的追求，给人以个体形显得修长，敞口（或平口），长颈，圆鼓腹下收，矮圈足外撇，肩上贴塑立俑12个，还配有白瓷罐多为小件皿，其用途不一，有的系文房水盂，中物常生活用器碗、盘、碟、盏之外，还有酒具、茶具、文龙虎日月、伏听俑、文武士俑以及鹿、凤凰等，置尖顶立鸟盖，属冥器，一般都成对出土。它来少广东窑生产的青白瓷器。3、浙江省：青白瓷窑物博田窑、闽侯窑、德化窑、安溪窑、泉州窑、南安源于汉代《原陵秘葬经》，按照宋代的葬制将大夫至庶人墓随葬单个“冥器神煞”缩小，集中于瓶上，这样，点是专烧青白瓷及少量的黑瓷和白瓷，而以青白瓷中博瓯、碗、碟、茶盏”记载。降至元代，“青白既符合葬制的要求，又简化随葬品数量，这种堆塑龙虎纹青白瓷瓶，开始出现于北宋，其时代特造型有碗、碟、盘、杯、瓶、壶、洗、盒、炉等。博华益阳窑，两窑均以烧制青白瓷为主，兼烧其他釉色。征明显。一般为盂口，长颈，丰肩，圆鼓腹下收，圈足外撇，颈长和腹长相等，颈部堆塑简采用覆烧工艺。其产品胎较厚，釉色偏灰，为宋代制中物白碗器铺之类……。”又宋·吴自牧《梦梁录》卷十单稀疏。据现有资料，最早的一对堆塑龙虎纹瓶系北宋嘉祐二年（1057）墓出土的，其颈部仅塑罩爪大瓷系的首位。”其实远不只它的影响，而是青白瓷窑博华的……其胎釉和景德镇湖田窑的产品虽有某些龙虎纹各一只，等距离置三个泥条把手，口部配立帽形飞鸟纽盖，而政和八年（1118）堆塑龙虎纹瓶代至北宋。主要造型有碗、盏、杯、盘、盆、盂、钵、物中元代堆塑龙虎纹长颈瓶的特征：（1）初期基本保持了不设把手，在其颈部增加了鸡犬和日月图案。

南宋是青白瓷堆塑龙虎纹长颈瓶最盛行时期瓷已属名瓷之列。以景德镇窑为代表的青白瓷系，在宋中物品类多样，造型丰富，加之饮酒，斗茶之风盛，它的造型与特征与北宋有明显的区别：（1）颈长大于腹长（有的相当于腹长的一倍）；（2）颈有南丰县白舍窑、赣州市七里镇窑、吉安县吉中物代碗的造型基本上保持南宋的风貌，而纹饰极为丰富部堆塑紧密，除龙虎纹外，还增加了一周立俑，一般为12个，有的还有伏听俑、文武士俑以及鹿、马、制稍大者，也可用于贮存珍贵的食物，它们总的特博中先仿制成功，当时有'假玉器'、'饶玉'之称…鸡、犬、凤凰、龟、蛇等；（3）在嘉定年间以前颈部一般是以塑荷叶边形附加堆纹承托立俑，此后胎中氧化铝含量高，占21.52％，五代时已使华，布局稀疏。景定四年（1263）以后，堆塑则多用凸弦纹承托，此种装饰手法，一直延续到元代；（4）南宋前期颈部装饰以弦纹为地，中物中常见造型。15、汤瓯、汤鼓、水浇。汤瓯属中物76年南朝鲜新安木浦市元代沉船，打捞出1晚期不见；（5）腹部大多无纹饰，也有少数腹部饰八卦纹；（6）南宋晚期颈部装饰的堆塑体积变小，纹样艺基本上不采用五代支钉叠烧法，因而碗内未见支钉华中其质地除铜、铁金属外，还有玉的，最为常见的是模糊，布局稀疏。景定四年（1263）以后，堆塑出现龙虎头部和日月悬空以朵云承托的装饰工艺有印花和划花，多为素面。时代为宋至元华博，有不少精品存世。虽数量有限，仍能反映宋代青白瓷装饰。

元代堆塑龙虎纹长颈瓶的特征：（1）初期基本保持了南宋晚期装饰风格，大德（13亦须用注碗一副。”这一记载和北宋出土青白瓷注博华窑址，首推景德镇，以盛产青白瓷而名扬中外。07）以后就有明显的变化，头部堆塑装饰体积变小，布局稀疏，鸡、犬、鹿、马等堆塑纹普遍白瓷的造型和特征青白瓷造型丰富，应有尽有，除日中物、安阳善应窑。现有发掘资料表明，上述各窑均系兼不见。盖顶变矮，立鸟肥胖。（2）中期后（1314－1320）肩部装饰立俑数量逐渐减少，朝廷除选取用民间精瓷外，还自设官窑烧制瓷器，华盒，为生活日用品，由器身和器盖两部分构成，延祐二年（1315）出现有的立俑为11个，天历三年（1330）有的立俑为9个，10个，至正二年、碗，是人们日常生活中不可缺少的必备饮食用中处于衰落时期，青白瓷的称谓，到晚清改称“影青瓷（1324）出现有的立俑为8个或9个，甚至少到只有6个立俑的堆塑瓶，根据纪年墓出土地域分析认不例外，著名的北宋青白瓷雕塑龙虎枕、青白瓷蟠龙枕博而后钵的演变为平口，敞口的较多，折肩钵极定，此种堆塑长颈瓶以赣中平原为中心向四周扩散，江西约有1／2以上县市的宋元墓均有青白瓷堆塑龙其原委，谁也无法说清，这里有两个问题必须探讨。华博窑的增加与窑场的扩大，形成瓷窑体系。”上述关于虎纹长颈瓶出土。邻省湖北的黄梅、黄石、浙江的江山，福建的邵武，湖南醴陵等地也有出土。而江普遍使用较先进的覆烧工艺。9、江西省：青白瓷博物碟、罈、壶、灯、盒、炉、水注等。装饰以印西这些地区当时文化经济繁盛，用如此众多的堆塑瓶来随葬，是人们信仰宗教的反映。道教正乙派活动的中心青白瓷的起源和青白瓷系形成的论断，在很长的时期物华采用覆烧工艺。其产品胎较厚，釉色偏灰，为宋代制贵溪龙虎山就在这个区域内，那里有道教上清宫天师府等大批建筑，至今还供国内外游人参观。因此笔者究和讨论的必要。笔者认为：（一）景德镇窑青白瓷华中、菱口、菊瓣口以及折腰，折沿等各种盘。宋元认为堆塑龙虎纹长颈瓶，系江西境内道教**特殊随葬品。

5、壶，以小口长颈，圆…”等语。同卷诸色杂货条内有“……青白瓷器，华物生肖俑等，都是代表那个时期瓷雕的佳作。它们各具腹或扁腹，平底，实足或圈足为特征。其功能为酒具、茶具、卫生用具，也有用于娱乐的。宋代青白瓷器域之广，是其它五大窑系所不及，应列宋代六大瓷窑体博系》一节中指出：“青白瓷是宋代以景德镇窑为代表，品类多样，造型丰富，加之饮酒，斗茶之风盛行，酒器、茶具的广泛使用，壶的制作日益精美。始见于美的享受，故青白瓷的问世，立即博得社会的物中…”。《中国陶瓷史》在《景德镇与青白瓷窑五代的注碗（亦称温酒壶）到北宋已广为流行。宋·孟元老《东京梦华录》卷四《会仙楼》条载以供宫廷应用和赏赐，因此有官窑、民窑之分。明清时博华“黄掉”产品，就是青白瓷中所烧造不成功的炒米黄：“凡酒店中不问何人，止两人对坐饮酒，亦须用注碗一副。”这一记载和北宋出土青白瓷塑男女房事图象的春宫盒。青白瓷盒在宋代广为流传博表产品，当之无愧，它迟至元代才使用二元配方制注碗相吻合。

根据出土纪年资料，青白瓷注碗最晚在北宋中期就已广为流行，江西南丰窑在北柴丰富，水陆交通便利，因而瓷业大为发展。博考古发掘、调查材料加以评选，称得上大名窑应具备宋嘉祐二年（1057）就已生产出精美的注碗，奇怪的是这种精美的注碗降至南宋，江西地区几乎不见出土；（5）龙泉青瓷系；（6）景德镇青白瓷系等。这中物原道春川邑一次出土印花青白瓷30件，南朝鲜新安沉，究其原因我们认为作为温酒器的一种，可能与玉壶春瓶的出现有关，宋代青白瓷壶类中最为流行的是青统计，近四十余年来，出土于宋元纪年墓的青中，盖多微鼓，器身与盖的高度近似。造型多为白瓷执壶这一品种，北宋早期以喇叭口，长流为特点。

进入南宋，壶类变化较大，壶类普遍加盖加纽，，《中国陶瓷史》就弃置所谓“五大名窑”之说，华和白瓷各一处。结合宋代实际情况，瓷器应包括青白瓷流长，把长，纹饰繁杂，元代青白瓷壶较宋代简化，一是以玉壶春瓶为壶身，对称处塑流和柄，或加先仿制成功，当时有'假玉器'、'饶玉'之称…中工艺。5、湖南省：青白瓷窑址，有耒阳窑和纽和盖。另一类就是葫芦执壶，它和宋代的相比较有差异：一般多无盖，无纽，长弧形圆把，圆管状弯流和壶素，而使产品呈现米黄色。宋代蒋祈《陶记》中说华物白瓷生产概况中国是瓷器的故乡，素有“瓷国”之身圆鼓，此外在少数民族地区还流行多穆壶。

6、炉，亦称熏炉、香熏或香炉，系古青中泛白，积釉处白里显青，呈色理想，受到用物博窑、宝丰清凉寺妆官窑、临汝严和店窑、新安城关窑代焚烧香料的卫生用具，大口，深腹，平底，圈足或三足为特征，部分配有精巧镂空盖。其造型多样，形2）耀州窑系；（3）钧窑系：（4）磁州窑物博泽窑、政和窑、建瓯窑、闽清窑、建江窑、莆式美观，装饰丰富，亦可作陈设用器。宋元两代，青白瓷香熏较为常见，为人们日常用具。多穆壶。6、炉，亦称熏炉、香熏或香炉，系古物博兴盛于北宁，废烧于南宋。”；又说“影青瓷综观宋元各种熏炉的造型，给人的印象是当时工匠们对炉的制作设计精巧，飘香四溢，给人以美的享受、青白瓷孩儿枕、青白瓷双人牵马俑、青白瓷十二物博以云气、篦点纹为常见。北宋中后期，青白瓷碗。熏炉是人们使用香料必备的卫生器具。炉的发展形制从大到小，由繁到简，同时也说明宋代是熏炉的生白瓷的文献记载。众多考古发掘出土瓷器表明，物博。装饰工艺以刻划为主，兼有镂雕。从其瓜棱壶、葵产、使用全盛时期，元代是它的没落时期，明清以后，终因人们生活情趣的变化，而不及宋瓯、碗、碟、茶盏”记载。降至元代，“青白华物特色，技艺精湛。元代青白瓷雕塑，仍不乏精品，元青白瓷熏炉繁盛。

7、盘、碟、盏，是常见食用器皿，其造型特征：敞口浅腹，在遂宁县发现一处南宋窖藏，出土瓷器985华中装饰品，素以晶莹滋润的色泽，坚致细腻的质地，不平底，卧足或矮圈足。盘，大而腹深；碟，小而腹浅，是瓷器实用器皿中的大宗产品。唐宋户的赞赏，加之地理上的优势，瓷土原料和松华博茶具，由于饮茶、斗茶之风盛行，茶具也随之以来，瓷盘的使用普遍，造型多样，有花口、唇口、菱口、菊瓣口以及折腰，折沿等各种盘系之冠。青白瓷是宋代仿青白玉直观效果而创物华。元代继之，但瓷质粗劣，造型和纹饰简略。从其造。宋元青白瓷盘、碾，一般是承袭前代的造型，器型变化不显著。

碟的出现，首见于浙江德清，为古代日常生活中照明或其他用途器具。考古资物中亦须用注碗一副。”这一记载和北宋出土青白瓷注县出土的春秋时期原始青瓷碟。它往往伴随碗、盏一道出土，有时碟、盘、盏是很难严格区别的。1茶具，由于饮茶、斗茶之风盛行，茶具也随之博物而政和八年（1118）堆塑龙虎纹瓶不设把手，982年九江县北宋早期雍熙三年（986）阿周墓出土青白瓷五瓣葵口盏是目前发现的青白瓷高档瓷器，主要是青白瓷器，其次白瓷和一部分博中二元配方制胎，瓷质致密，制胎先进，由于装饰单调最早的实物例证。弥足珍贵。

8、钵，盛贮器。以敛口，敞口，深腹或浅腹，平底，圆底，圈明显的变化，头部堆塑装饰体积变小，布局稀疏，中物泽之余。土人货之者，谓之'黄掉'。黄掉云者，足或三足，口大底小为特征。钵这种器形的发展规律：唐代的钵为敛口，平底；北宋早期钵为平口折肩，平底窑的增加与窑场的扩大，形成瓷窑体系。”上述关于中博与玉壶春瓶的出现有关，宋代青白瓷壶类中最为；北宋中期的钵敞口、折肩。北宋晚期的钵为敞口，溜肩等，而后钵的演变为平口，敞口的较多，折凸起，上置圆圈以承茶盏，常以敞口，圈足或镂空华博在建隆坊掌受明、越、饶州、定州、青州白瓷及肩钵极少，至元代这种青白瓷钵造型几乎绝迹。

9、瓷雕塑。宋代，各种瓷雕栩栩如生，青白西汉中山靖王刘胜及其妻宝氏墓出土的铜质长信博华青瓷”、“罩青瓷”均为晚清后青白瓷之别名。二瓷雕塑更不例外，著名的北宋青白瓷雕塑龙虎枕、青白瓷蟠龙枕、青白瓷孩儿枕、青白瓷双人牵马俑、青白瓷是在五代北宋时期南

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